Impacto materno y neonatal del embarazo en la adolescencia

Américo Peña Oscuvilca; William Peña Ayudante

doi:10.31403/rpgo.v57i205

Authors

Américo Peña Oscuvilca Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión, Huacho, Perú; Sociedad Científica Huachana de Estudiantes de Medicina, Huacho, Perú; Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza, Ministerio de Salud, Lima, Perú; Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Regional de Huacho, Gobierno Regional de Lima, Huacho, Perú; Interno de Medicina, Ex Presidente de la Sociedad Científica Médico Estudiantil Peruana, Huacho, Perú
William Peña Ayudante Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión, Huacho, Perú; Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Regional de Huacho, Gobierno Regional de Lima, Huacho, Perú; Médico ginecólogo obstetra, Magíster en Obstetricia y Salud Reproductiva, Pasante del Centro Latinoamericano de Perinatología, Salud de la Mujer y Reproductiva, Montevideo, Uruguay

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31403/rpgo.v57i205

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the association between pregnancy in adolescence and its adverse impact on the mother and her newborn. Design: Non-concurrent cohort study. Setting: Hospital Regional de Huacho, Peru. Patients: Pregnant women 10-19 year-old. Interventions: The adolescent group consisted in 313 pregnant 10-19 year-old women, and the non-adolescent 944 20-34 year-old pregnant women. Data was obtained from the Hospital’s Perinatal Information System (SIP) in the first half of 2005. Relative risk (RR) with confidence interval 95% and chi-square (α = 0.05) were calculated by using SPSS 15.0 for Windows and Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Main outcome measures: Maternal and neonatal complications. Results: The adolescents mean age was 17.5±1.5 years and non-adolescent 25.5±4 years. Pregnant women were mostly cohabiting (65.5% and 67.1% respectively) with high school concluded (82.4% and 70.7%, respectively). Most frequent pathologies of pregnancy were urinary tract infection (p=0.443, RR=1.07 [0.90-1.27]) and anemia (p=0.281, RR=0.89 [0.72-1.10]. Most common neonatal complications were low birth weight (p=0.011, RR=1.85 [1.15-2.98]) and low one-minute Apgar score (p=0.009; RR=1.81 [1.16-2.83]). Conclusions: Pregnancy in adolescence in the cohort studied was risk factor for low birth weight, low Apgar score at first minute, prematurity, aspiration syndrome and adverse perinatal outcomes. There was no association with obstetric pathologies.